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2019年高考英语语法考点真题例析
文/籍万杰
2018年高考英语试题共有八套,分别是全国卷一、二、三和北京、天津、江苏、浙江、上海卷.本文将梳理各套试题中的部分语法考点和试题,希望为广大考生接下来的复习备考明确方向.
一、名词
主要考查名词的数、词义辨析和名词作定语.
例1 When l was little,Friday´s night was our family game night.(改错)
解析:Friday是时间名词,作定语时不用所有格形式.Friday´s改为Friday.
二、冠词
主要考查不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的区别、固定搭配以及零冠同的使用情况.
例2 Corn production has jumped nearly 125percent over__ 62 past 25 years,while rice hasincreasedonly 7 percent.
解析:“在过去的25年里”表示特指,应使用定冠同the.
三、代词
主要考查不定代词、疑问代词、反身代同、人称代词、物主代词以及作形式主语或宾语的it的用法.
例3 They would say to us that playing cardgames would helpmy brain.(改错)
解析:根据上下文,特别是”my brain”可知,此处表示“他们会对我说”,故us改为me.
四、形容词和副词
主要考查形容词、副词在句中的位置和作用,这两者的混用、比较级以及形容词和副词的词义辨析.
例4 There could be an even _63(high)cost onyour health.
解析:even是比较级修饰语,此处应用比较级higher.
五、情态动词
主要考查情态动同的基本意义、表示推测以及构成虚拟语气的用法.
例5 It´s strange that he__—he taken thebooks without the owner´s permission.
A. would
B.should C.could D.might
解析:根据句意“他竟然未经许可就拿走了那些书”可知,表示“竟然”,用should,答案选B.
六、非谓语动词
主要考查不定式、现在分词、过去分词的基本意义以及动名词(短语)作主语和宾语的用法.
例6 I quickly lower myself,duckingmy head tooid _64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn´tfeel _65_(challenge).
解析:oid后接动名词作宾语,故64题填look-ing.65题空格处表示“被挑战”,故用过去分词作表语,填challenged.
例7
China´s approach to protectingits environ-ment while _70 (feed) its citizens“offers usefullessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the bank´s Juergen Voegele.
解析:连同while后缺少主语,因此构成“连同+分词”的省略用法.空格所在处应为“while it is feed-lng its cltizens”的省略说法,故填feeding.
七、介词
主要考查常用介词和介词短语的正确使用.
例8 Still I unwilling to play the games for themsometimes.(改错)
解析:句中缺少谓语动词,be unwilling to do sth.是固定用法,在I后加was.表示“和某人一起玩”,用play...with sb.,故将for改为with.
八、动词时态语态
主要考查根据时间状语、主从句时态呼应原则在具体语境中时态语态的正确使用.
例 9
Susan had quit her well-paid job and——as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visitedherlast year.
A. is working B.was working
C. has worked D.had worked
解析:根据“去年我拜访她的时候,她在社区做义工”可知,此处表示过去某时间段正在发生的事,所以用过去进行时.答案选B.
九、虚拟语气
主要考查虚拟语气在条件句、名同性从句和固定句式中的正确使用. 例10
Ifwe——the flightyesterday,we would be enjoyingour holiday on the beach now.
A.had caught
B.caught
C.he caught
D.would catch
解析:这是一个混合时间的虚拟语气.条件状语从句中有时间状语yesterday,表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时.答案选A.
例 11 There is a good social life in the village,and l wish I____a second chance to becomemore in-volved.
A.had B.will he
C. would he had D.he had
解析:根据“There is”可知,时间的着眼点是现在,因此wish后的从句是对现在的虚拟,谓语动词应用一般过去时.答案选A.
十、三大从句
主要考查从句引导词的正确使用.
例12 I´m not sure _61 is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
解析:空格处引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语,表示“谁”,填who.
例13
This is——my f´ather has taught me -to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how
B.which
C.that
D.what
解析:空格处引导表语从句.从句中的谓语动词teach应接双宾语,此时缺少一个宾语,应填连接代词what.答案选D.
例14
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government _68 (start) a soil-testing program__ 69 gives specific fertilizer rec-oruruendations to farmers - and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
解析:68题是说2005年的事,用动词的过去式,填started.69题所在句是定语从句,先行词为物,关系代同作定语从句的主语,用that或者which.
十一、并列句
并列句有并列、转折、因果和选择四种类型,语法填空和短文改错中主要考查逻辑关系.
例1 5
Everyone was silent ,wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.(改错)
解析:逗号后没有连同,动词应使用非谓语形式,根据与其逻辑主语everone的主动关系,应使用现在分词形式,wait改为waiting.主语是Everyone,应是“读他或她的段落”,and改为or.
十二、特殊句式
主要考查强调句结构的构成.
例16 It was only when the car pulled up in frontof our house——we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B.that C.when D.where
解析:去掉It was和空格后,句子结构依然完整,因此这是一个强调句结构,被强调的是“only+状语从句”.答案选B.`(责任编校/周丹)
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