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阅读理解

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项.

(一)

A Strong Stock Market

The increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stemany rampant speculation on the part of the public—actually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignified—but rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existedin the market. Naturally, such a move had a momentarily chilling effect upon pricesbut if the FRB had been preoccupied with undue speculation, the increase might hebeen to the 80% or even 90% level. Such an increases in the margin rate is a confirmation of a strong stock market and since 19…, such increases he resulted in interim market highs over twelve months later. Obviously, there could be no guaranteethat this would once again be the case, but if history is any guideline—and if businessand corporate earnings were to continue on the same course—continued optimiover the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimi.

The margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for theprevious year—and the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointedup the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in theblue chips for the most part. In past Investment Letters we he voiced the thoughtthat speciality stocks could outperform the general market from this point. We continue to believe that this could be the case. For example, steel stocks tend to sell at certain fixed price/earnings ratios. Below a certain ratio they are considered good value—above a certain ratio, overpriced. If a company produces a unique product it iar more difficult for market analysis to place a numerical ratio upon the company’searnings. We he also contended in the past Letters that the stock market reflectass psychology as well as the business outlook. When investors—both the publicand the institutions—are nervous and pessimistic they definitely hesitate to buystocks: they seek low price/earnings multiples and high yields. These same investors—when they are in an optimistic frame of mind—become for less preoccupiedwith yields and more wiling to pay a premium (high p/e multiples) for acceleratedgrowth. If the public’s attitude towards the auto industry is any measure, then thisperiod seems to he been one of optimi.

1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is ________.

A. A Time to Sell Stock. B. A Strong Stock Market

C. Raising the Margin Rate D. Price/earnings Ratio in Steel

2. When investors are pessimistic what do they do?

A. They look to the FRB for help. B. They buy steel

C. They buy automobile stocks. D. They look for high yields.

3. Why does the writer believe that speciality stocks could outperform the generalmarket?

A. Because analysis he difficulty in deciding upon a fixed price/earnings ratio.

B. Because the activity had been limited to blue chips.

C. Because the rise was conservative.

D. Because of the FRB action.

4. When investors are optimistic, what do they do?

A. They look for accelerated growth.

B. They buy speciality stocks.

C. They look for high yields.

D. They are more prudent.

(二)

The Military Is In

Things he really changed. Not only is the military standing tall again, it isstaging a remarkable comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting. Recruiters, once denounced by antiwar students as“baby killers”and barred from campuses, are welcomed ever at elite universities. ROTC (Reserve Officer’sTraining Corps) programs, that faltered during the Viet Nam era, when protesters werefire bombing their headquarters, are flourishing again. The military academies are enjoying a steady increase in applications.

Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure of the jobs, technicaltraining and generous student loans offered by the military. Students know that if theygo in and become, say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can come out and demand asalary of $60,000 a year. Military salaries, while not always competitive with thosepaid for comparable jobs in the private sector, are more than respectable, especiallyconsidering the wide array of benefits that are ailable: free medical service, roomand board, and PX (Post Exchange) privileges. Monthly pay for a recruit is $574; fora sergeant with four years services it is $906; for a major with ten years’service it is$2,305. The services’slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation. Kids are walkingdown the school hallways chanting‘Army, Ny, Air Force, Marines,’just like in thecommercials. And many military officials feel that the key difference is the enhancedpatrioti among the nation’s youth. There is a return to the view that the military isan honorable profession. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army orgo to jail are over. Recruiting for all four services combined is running at 101% ofauthorized goals. And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusingsome re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.

The military academics are also enjoying halcyon years, attracting more and better-qualified students. Compared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses hebeen climbing sharply, the service schools are a real bargain: not only is tuition free,but recruits get allowances of up to $500 a mouth. It is reported 12,300 applicants arefor the 1,450 positions in this year’s freshman class. Military academies are now justas selective as any of the best universities in the country.

Nationwide, ROTC enrollment exceeds 105,000, a 64% increase over the 1974figure. In the mid 70’s, the ROTC students refused to wear their uniforms on campusbecause they suffered all sorts of ridicule, if they did. Now if they wear them to classno one looks at them twice. To them, Viet Nam is ancient history, something the oldfolks talk about.

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. The Military is in B. The Military is up

C. The Military is down D. The Military is on

2. What was the attitude of the students in 1970’s towards the military?

A. Approval. B. Indifferent.

C. Distaste. D. Scolding.

3. The phrase“come out”is closest in meaning to ________.

A.“become visible”. B.“begin to grow”.

C.“be made public”. D.“gain a certain position”.

4. Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason to attract students.

A. Free tuition. B. Spacious room.

C. Considerate allowance. D. Technical training.

(三)

Creative Process of Works

The great question that this paper will, but feebly, attempt to answer is , what isthe creative process?

Though much theory has accumulated, little is really known about the power thatlies at the bottom of poetic creation. It is true that great poets and artists producebeauty by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason,and intuitions. But what is the magical synthesis that joins and arranges these complexparts into poetic unity?

John L.Lowes, in his justly famous“The Road to Xanadu,”developed one of theearliest and still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question. Imaginativecreation, he concludes, is a complex process in which the conscious and unconsciouinds jointly operate.“There is…the deep well with its chaos of fortuitously blendingimages; but there is likewise the Vision which sees shining in and through the chaosof the potential lines of Form, and with the Vision, the controlling Will. Which givesto that potential beauty actuality.”

The Deep Well is the unconscious mind that is peopled with the facts, ideas,feelings of the conscious activity. The imaginative vision, an unconscious activity,shines through the land of chaos, of lights and shadows, silently seeking pattern andform. Finally, the conscious mind again, through Will, captures and embodies the ideain the final work of art. In this way is unity born out of chaos.

Though there can be no absolute certainty, there is general agreement that the periods in the development of a creative work parallel, to some extent, Lowes’theoryof Well, Vision, Form, and Will. There are at least three stages in the creative process: preparation, inspiration, work.

In a sense, the period of preparation is all of the writer’s life. It is the Deep Well.It is the Deep Well. It is especially a period of concentration which gives the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level of the writer’s mind, he is ready to goon with the process. Part of this preparation involves learning a medium—learning alanguage, learning how to write, learning literary forms. It is important to mot here thatformcannot be imposed upon the idea. Evidence, though sparse, shows that the idea givesbirth to the formthat can best convey it. It is the Vision, according to Lowes,“which seesshining in and through the chaws of the potential lines of from …”

1. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level, the post has reachedthe stage called ________.

A. Well. B. Vision.

C. Form. D. Will.

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The form determines the subject matter.

B. The idea determines the form.

C. Vision makes beauty an actuality.

D. A writer is unconscious when he prepares his work.

3. The word“fortuitously”in the third paragraph means ________.

A. accidentally. B. luckily.

C. thoroughly. D. potentially.

4. The remembrance of things past is carried on in the ________.

A. Deep Well. B. Vision.

C. Chaotic lights and shadows. D. Conscious mind.

参与解析

(一)

写作方法与文章大意

文章论述“强劲证券市场”的种种情况.首先是联邦储备委员会为保持强股市基础要求保证金率增长.这种增长过去,现在,将来都能巩固强市.其次由于绝大部分集中在兰筹股上,使股市看好上升趋于保守,引出行业股比普通股吃香.最后是投资者心情和股市强弱有关.

1.B. 强劲证券市场（强市）.见难句译注1 和第一段第三句：“那种保证金率的增长有力的巩固了强劲证券市场.从19…年起,这种增长导致一年来股市屡创新高.

A. 买出股票的时候.C. 提高保证金率.

D. 钢的市盈率.这三项都不对,它们只是文中涉及的方面.

2.D. 他寻找高业绩（即公司的产量或投资收益）.见文章倒数第三句：“当投资者———公众和团体机构———紧张而又悲观时,他们肯定在买进股票上举棋不定；他们寻求低/利润倍数和高额利润.

A. 他们寻求联邦储备委员会的帮助.

B. 他们买进钢材.

C. 他们买进汽车股票.

3.A. 因为在决定定价/利润比上难以分析.见第二段第二句：“在过去的投资保证上我们一直表达了这样的思想：行业股票在使用上可能超过普通股.我们依然相信情况可能就是这样.举例说：钢股往往在一定/利润比上抛出.低于一定比率,可认为股是好价值,而高于一定比率就是超价.如果一个公司就生产独一无二的产品,那市场分析就很难对公司所得定出数比.

“B. 因为股市活动受兰筹股所限.

C. 因为行情上升保守.这两项见难句译注3.

D. 由于联邦储备基金会的行动.

4.A. 他们寻求加速的增长.见文章倒数第二句：“同样是这些股民,当投资者（对股市前景）持乐观态度时,他们不太关注（公司的）业绩（产值）而愿意以高价来购买具有高成长性的股票.”

(二)

写作方法与文章大意

这是论述军队在美国地位提高的文章,主要采用因果写法,中插对比.

1.A. 军队又吃香了.To be in 有“流行,时髦”之义.全篇文章围绕这一点而写.文章一开头就点名宗旨“事情真的变了,军队形象不仅高大,招收新兵的质量和数量明显得到恢复.”第二段开始：“可以肯定,经济萧条使得军队提供就业,技术训练和对学生慷慨贷款提高了诱惑力…….”第二段倒数第七句“许多军官感到关键性的变化是这个国家青年中的爱国心增强,当兵是一个荣誉职业的看法又恢复了.”都表示吃香.

B. to be up 有“完了,完毕,上涨”等义.

C. to be down 有“消沉,落魄,下降”等义.

D. to be on 有“上演,开着”等义.这里都讲不通.

2.C. 厌恶.答案在第一段第二句“招兵人员曾一度被反战学生谴责为‘杀婴犯’而拒之校园之外,现在甚至名牌大学都欢迎.后备军官训练队计划在越战时期曾动摇不定,的人向部队投掷,如今又兴旺起来.”最后一段第二句“70年代中期,后备军官训练队学生不愿在校内穿制服,因为穿了就遭到各种嘲笑.”这些都说明70年代,学生对军队的态度是“厌恶”.所以A. 赞成, B. 漠不关心, D. 漫骂,都不对.

3.获得地位.To come out 有to gain certain position 获得（名次,地位）之义,也有appear,to be seen（出现,看得见）之义.这里的上下文,只能是D. 第二段第二句“学生们知道,要是参军,当上譬如专家,他们就能扬名并可要求6 万美元年薪.”

A. 看得见, B. 开始成长, C. 公开.

4.B. 宽敞的房间.

A. 免学费.C. 相当高的津贴.D. 技术培训,都提到过.第二段开始“可以肯定,经济萧条使得军队提供就业,技术训练以及对学生慷慨贷款等的诱惑力增大.”第三句“军队薪金尽管比不是私人公司中类似工作的工资,但已经很可观了,尤其考虑到军队里有一系列的福利待遇,如免费医疗,膳宿,军人消费合作社特惠等.”第三段“军事院校招收的学生数量多了,质量好,年头也就好过.私立大学里,学费和各类费用一直急剧上升,相比之下,上军事院校确实便宜,不仅学费全面,新生每月还可拿5 百美元的补贴.

(三)

写作方法与文章大意

文章论述“创作过程”.开门见山就提出“什么是创作”.主要是引用了罗斯的Road toXanadu 一书来说明创作过程.首先是创作的源泉,洞察分辨,最后意志赋予写作.

1.D. 意志.第三段倒数第二句“最终又是意识的思维,通过意志,在其最终的艺术作品中捕捉和体现了这种思想观念”.第五段第三句：“当作者回溯以往事情达到了有意识的水平时,他就具备（准备）了继续创作进程的条件.这种准备工作中有一部分涉及学习媒介———学习一种语言,学习如何写,学习文学形式.”第二段都体现了意志是有意识思维的集中表现.

A. 源泉,来源,顾名思义,也是最初的东西.B. 洞察力,视觉.C.形式.这三项选择在第二,三段集中说明,见难句译注3及第四题答案.

2.B. 思想观念决定形式.这在最后一段倒数第四句：部分准备工作涉及学习媒介———学习语言,学习如何写,学习文学形式之后“这里要注意文学形式不能强加于思想观念.有证据,虽然很少,表明思想观念产生适合传递它的文学形式.

A. 形式决定主题.

C. 形象使美变得真实.

D. 作者在准备写作时处于无意识状态.难句译注3 和第四题答案都说明了这三项选择是不对的.

3.A. 偶然的.

B. 幸运的,fortuitously 一词确实有幸运的之义.但这里上下文含义是A,见难句译注3.

C. 彻底的,透彻的.

D. 潜在的,可能的.

4.A. 深井（深层的源泉）.见难句译注3 和第三句“深层的源泉是无意识思维,内中塞满了各种事实,观点,意识活动的情感.富有想象力的洞察力是一种无意识的活动,在杂乱的土壤中闪烁光辉,忽明忽暗,默默的探索模式和形式.最后,又是有意识的思维,通过意志…….”这里说明回溯过去是在深井阶段进行.

B. 视觉,是在探索表现形式.

C. 杂乱的光亮和阴影,明面和暗面.